All eating disorders come with symptoms, some of which are quite similar to each other. This can include stress surrounding meals, isolation from friends and hyper focus on body image.
But there are some signs that are linked to the eating disorder in particular. Take, for example, sialadenitis, also known as “bulimia cheeks” or “bulimia face.” This condition is one that will only be seen as a side effect of those battling bulimia.
What is sialadenitis?
Sialadenitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the salivary glands. This condition is often seen facial swelling, pain and tenderness in the affected glands, often accompanied by fever and chills if an infection is present. The three salivary glands in the neck — the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands — all play a role in the production of saliva which is needed for digestion and oral health, among other functions. When these glands become inflamed, it can lead to complications like dry mouth, difficulty swallowing and even the formation of abscesses.
The relationship between sialadenitis and bulimia is a concerning aspect of the mental health condition. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to give the illusion that the calories consumed were not absorbed. However, there are complications.
According to Medical New Today, “After a person vomits, the salivary glands often swell. Salivary glands increase the production of saliva to prepare for vomiting. Extra saliva helps protect the mouth from the acidity associated with vomit. When a person frequently vomits, the salivary glands increase in size. The growth happens to compensate for their chronic activation. The increase in size of the salivary glands can cause the cheeks and jaw to look swollen.”
Additionally, the act of frequent vomiting exposes the oral cavity and salivary glands to acidic stomach contents. This repeated exposure to gastric acid can irritate and inflame the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands located near the jawline. Over time, the constant irritation and inflammation can lead to sialadenitis.
The nutritional deficiencies common in individuals with bulimia can also play a significant role in the onset of sialadenitis. Malnutrition weakens the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight off infections, making the salivary glands more susceptible to bacterial infection and inflammation.
The implications of sialadenitis in individuals with bulimia extend beyond the immediate discomfort and health concerns. The visible swelling of the salivary glands can lead to noticeable changes in facial appearance, contributing to the mental distress with which those battling bulimia are all too familiar. This can perpetuate a cycle of shame and secrecy, which may hinder recovery efforts.
How can sialadenitis be addressed?
Addressing sialadenitis in the context of bulimia requires a treatment approach that not only targets the inflammation of the salivary glands but also addresses the underlying eating disorder. Treatment for sialadenitis itself typically involves managing the inflammation and any potential infection. This may include the use of antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present, anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and ensuring adequate hydration to promote saliva flow and gland function. In some cases, warm compresses and massage of the affected glands can provide relief and encourage drainage.
However, to achieve long-term resolution and prevent recurrence, it is crucial to address the bulimia itself. This requires a multidisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, nutritionists and mental health specialists. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often a cornerstone of treatment for bulimia, helping individuals to challenge and change unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors related to food, body image and exercise. Nutritional counseling is also essential to restore balanced eating habits and correct any deficiencies that may be contributing to sialadenitis and other health issues.
Support groups and family therapy can play a pivotal role in recovery, providing a network of understanding and encouragement. For some individuals, medications such as antidepressants may be prescribed to address underlying mood disorders or anxiety that can worsen bulimia symptoms.
Preventing sialadenitis in individuals recovering from bulimia involves ongoing monitoring and support to ensure that vomiting behaviors are minimized or eliminated. Regular dental check-ups can help in early detection of oral complications, and maintaining proper oral hygiene is vital to reduce the risk of infections, as well.
Suffering from sialadenitis and other effects of bulimia?
If you or a loved one is struggling with the health effects of sialadenitis or any other symptom of bulimia, help is available. Call Seeds of Hope today at 610-268-9245 or fill out an online contact form to get started today.
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