The Most Common Eating Disorders and Warning Signs

Eating disorders are concerning mental health conditions that negatively impact the lives of men, women and young adults. They do not discriminate and can impact anyone regardless of social status, economic background, gender identity or age. And while many are familiar with the concept of eating disorders as a restrictive thing, not all eating disorders follow these rules.  

What are the Most Common Eating Disorders? 

There are a rather wide variety of eating disorders, but the four most common are: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). 

Anorexia Nervosa 

Anorexia Nervosa is perhaps the most well-known eating disorder, marked by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. Individuals with anorexia often see themselves as overweight, even if they are dangerously underweight. They may engage in extreme dieting, excessive exercise or other weight-control behaviors.  

Signs of anorexia include: 

• Low body weight; 

• Extreme fear of weight gain; 

• Intense fatigue or lethargy; 

• Thin hair; 

• Brittle nails; 

• Withdrawal from social situations; 

• Mood changes; 

• Depression. 

Early intervention is critical to addressing and treating anorexia. 

Bulimia Nervosa 

Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain and compensate for the binge eating.  

Unlike anorexia, individuals with bulimia may maintain a normal weight, which can make the disorder less noticeable. Bulimia can lead to severe health issues, including electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal problems and dental erosion due to frequent vomiting. The disorder is often associated with feelings of shame and guilt, making it challenging for individuals to seek help. 

Binge Eating Disorder 

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder in the United States. It involves recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort. Unlike bulimia, individuals with BED do not compensate for the increase in caloric intake by purging.  

According to NIH, signs of binge eating disorder include:  

• “Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a 2-hour period; 

• “Eating even when you’re full or not hungry; 

• “Eating fast during binge episodes; 

• “Eating until you’re uncomfortably full; 

• “Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment; 

• “Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about your eating; 

• “Frequently dieting, possibly without weight loss.” 

This disorder can lead to obesity and related health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease. 

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) 

ARFID is a newer diagnosis, characterized by a persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and energy needs as a result of lack of interest in eating, sensory sensitivities or an aversion to certain textures, colors or smells. Unlike anorexia and bulimia, ARFID does not involve distress about body shape or weight. However, it can lead to significant nutritional deficiencies, growth issues and psychosocial impairments.  

ARFID is often observed in children, but it can persist into adulthood if left untreated. Treatment typically involves nutritional rehabilitation and therapy to address underlying anxieties or sensory challenges. 

What Causes Eating Disorders? 

When talking about eating disorders (ED), one of the most frequently asked questions is “What causes them?” Unfortunately, there is no one answer for what triggers disordered eating behaviors in an individual’s life. But looking at the wide array of potential causes can help narrow down what may have been the trigger in someone’s life.  

Genetics 

Research has shown that those with a family history of eating disorders are at a higher risk of developing similar conditions. Genetic factors can influence neurotransmitter levels in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a role in regulating mood and appetite. Hormonal imbalances can also contribute to the development of eating disorders.  

Psychological Factors 

Many individuals with eating disorders exhibit low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy or a lack of control over their lives. Eating disorders can provide a sense of control or a coping mechanism for dealing with emotional distress or trauma.  

Social Influences  

In our society there is a loud emphasis on thinness and an idealized body image in the media and popular culture. This often creates unrealistic expectations and pressures individuals to conform to certain body standards. Social media platforms have heightened these pressures with unrealistic photoshopped images. Peer pressure and societal trends regarding diet and body image can further contribute to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. 

Family Dynamics 

Families that place a strong emphasis on achievement, appearance or dieting can inadvertently contribute to unhealthy attitudes toward food and body image. Additionally, a lack of communication or support within the family unit can leave loved ones feeling isolated and more vulnerable to developing eating disorders.  

On the other hand, overprotective or controlling family environments can also contribute to the development of eating disorders, as individuals may use their eating habits as a means of asserting independence or control. 

Stress and Trauma 

Traumatic events such as physical, emotional or sexual abuse can lead to the development of disordered eating as a coping mechanism to manage overwhelming emotions or to regain a sense of control.  

Similarly, major life transitions, such as starting college, experiencing a breakup or losing a loved one, can further increase the risk. In order to cope, some may turn to disordered eating as a form of managing stress. 

Ready to Begin Recovery? 

Whether you need eating disorder therapy for yourself, are looking into resources for a loved one or simply wish to gain more insight on this prevalent mental health condition, Seeds of Hope is here to help. Call Seeds of Hope today for more information.