What Non-Food Items Do People With Pica Consume?

Pica disorder is a frequently misunderstood condition characterized by persistent cravings for and consumption of non-food items. This eating disorder can pose serious health risks and is often linked to nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency. In this blog, we will explore pica symptoms, the types of non-food items commonly consumed and the connection between pica disorder and iron deficiency. 

Pica Symptoms: Recognizing the Signs 

Pica disorder involves the compulsive eating of non-food substances over at least one month. Recognizing pica symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention. Common symptoms include: 

1. Persistent Eating of Non-Food Items: Individuals with pica consistently consume substances that are not considered food, such as dirt, chalk or paper
2. Cravings for Non-Food Items: Those affected by pica may experience strong cravings or urges to eat non-food substances
3. Health Issues: Consumption of non-food items can lead to various health problems, including gastrointestinal blockages, dental issues and infections
4. Nutritional Deficiencies: Pica can be associated with nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency, which may exacerbate cravings for non-food substances
5. Behavioral Signs: Engaging in secretive eating behaviors or feeling embarrassed about eating non-food items can be indicative of pica

Common Non-Foods Consumed by Individuals with Pica Disorder   

The consumption of non-food items varies widely among individuals with pica. Here are some of the most commonly ingested substances: 

1. Dirt (Geophagia)

Geophagia, the consumption of dirt or clay, is one of the most prevalent forms of pica. This behavior is often observed in individuals with iron deficiency, as they consume soil for the missing nutrients. However, eating dirt can lead to intestinal blockages and expose individuals to harmful parasites and bacteria. 

2. Ice (Pagophagia)  

Pagophagia involves the compulsive eating of ice. It is particularly common in individuals with iron deficiency anemia. Chewing ice can cause dental damage but is less harmful than other non-food items consumed in pica.   

3. Chalk

Another common manifestation of pica is the consumption of chalk, a form of geophagia. Chalk contains calcium, which may be sought after by individuals with a calcium deficiency. However, ingesting chalk can lead to digestive issues and potential toxicity from additives. 

4. Paper

Eating paper, including tissues, cardboard and books, is another common behavior among those with pica. While the paper is relatively non-toxic, consuming large amounts can cause intestinal blockages and nutritional imbalances.  

5. Hair (Trichophagia)  

Trichophagia, ingesting hair, can lead to severe complications, including forming hairballs (trichobezoars) in the stomach and intestines. These hairballs can cause digestive obstructions and require surgical removal. 

6. Paint

Consuming paint is highly dangerous and, if the paint is lead-based, it can result in lead poisoning. Lead poisoning affects nearly every system in the body and is especially harmful to children, causing developmental delays and cognitive impairments. 

7. Laundry Starch

Some individuals with pica consume laundry starch, which can be particularly appealing to people with pica due to its texture. While starch is not inherently toxic, consuming it in large quantities can lead to nutritional deficiencies and digestive issues. 

8. Soap

Due to its chemical composition, eating soap can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingesting soap regularly can also disrupt the digestive system and lead to poisoning.   

9. Metal Objects

The ingestion of metal objects, such as coins, nails or screws, is extremely dangerous. These objects can cause physical injury to the digestive tract, leading to bleeding, perforation and infection.   

10. Ash

Eating ash, particularly cigarette ash, is another common form of pica. Ash contains various harmful substances, including toxins and carcinogens, which can lead to serious health issues. 

Pica Disorder and Iron Deficiency: A Close Connection   

Pica disorder is often linked to nutritional deficiencies, with iron deficiency being one of the most common. Individuals with iron deficiency anemia frequently crave non-food items, a phenomenon that remains poorly understood but is believed to be the body’s misguided attempt to obtain missing nutrients. 

Iron deficiency can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin and shortness of breath. Addressing iron deficiency through dietary changes and supplementation can sometimes reduce the symptoms of pica. However, treating pica often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical, nutritional and psychological interventions. 

Get Help Today

Pica disorder is a complex condition involving the consumption of non-food items and is often associated with nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron. Recognizing pica symptoms and understanding the common non-food items consumed can help diagnose and treat the disorder.  

If you or someone you know exhibits signs of pica, seeking professional help is crucial for effective management and recovery. We offer outpatient treatment at Seeds of Hope in Pennsylvania for individuals struggling with pica. As part of our comprehensive care plans for clients with pica, we address any underlying nutritional deficiencies while providing strategies for managing their condition and improving their quality of life. To learn more about Seeds of Hope’s treatment services, call (610) 644-6464.